Symptoms And Treatment Of Depression Essay - 2726 Words

Depression is quite common nowadays-statistics say that nearly 10% of people in the United States suffer from it each year, and 30% of women are depressed. Many of these people suffer in silence, so to speak, never talking to their doctors about their problem, let alone their friends and family. Some are able to find the courage to talk to their regular doctors, though they may feel awkward and shy discussing the problem. And it does take courage to speak up, trust me-I know because I suffer from this condition and it took me quite awhile to get the nerve to speak to my doctor. But, talking with a regular doctor about depression really may not take care of the problem in the best way. Sure, the doctor will likely write a prescription for you, but with so many depression medications on the market it can be difficult to find the right one for each person-and, chances are your regular doctor probably isn t familiar with all of the differences in the various depression medications. It g enerally takes someone who specializes in this type of study to really understand how all of these medicines work. So, what should someone with depression do? It was probably hard enough summoning the strength to go to the doctor in the first place and then here I am telling you that a regular doctor really doesn t suffice. I suggest that you find a therapist-a counselor, a psychiatrist, or psychologist-basically someone with whom you can make an appointment to just talk. How can you find aShow MoreRelatedDepression Symptoms And Treatment Of Depression935 Words   |  4 Pagestreated for depression but your symptoms haven t improved, you may have treatment-resistant depression. Taking an antidepressant or going to psychological counseling (psychotherapy) eases depression symptoms for most people. But with treatment-resistant depression, standard treatments aren t enough. They may not help much at all, or your symptoms may improve, only to keep coming back. If your primary care doctor prescribed antidepressants and your depression symptoms continue despite treatment, ask yourRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1015 Words   |  5 Pagesmoods, thinking or behavior. Fortunately, treatment for mental illness or mental disorders can lead to recovery; and although treatment may include medication, it ideally also includes psychosocial therapies and support. The mental illness I will focus on is a mood disorder called depression, or major depressive disorder. Depression is the most common mood disorder, and one of the most common mental illnesses. Depression is a mood disorder clinical depression affects how you feel, think and behave andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Depression1274 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a major issue affecting many in a person’s everyday life. There are many ways to combat depression, whether it be medication such as antidepressants or therapeutic treatments such as psychotherapy, electroc onvulsive therapy, light therapy or even herbal remedies. (â€Å"Diseases and Disorders: Depression†). Antidepressants temporarily stop depression, but since the side effects can be harmful or life threatening, alternative treatments are a much safer and efficient way to combat depressionRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmood disorder are really common and can seek treatment but some can be really rare and hard to cure even with treatment. Some of the major types of mood disorders are depression, anxiety, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Anybody at any age can develop a mental disorder, usually occurred during times of painful events or traumatizing experiences. Depression is a serious illness that caused by changes in the brain chemistry. Many people believed that depression is feeling down or sad, however, it is actuallyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1431 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: What is Depression? Depression is a type of mood disorder characterized by persistent and profound sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, and feelings of worthlessness. While depression may be a common disorder in many cultures, not many people know about its different types and more importantly how to help themselves or others in the recovery process. There are in fact multiple types of depressive conditions each characterized by its own causes, courses, patterns outcomes, and specificRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Treatment Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Depression? Depression is a condition in which a person feels discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or disinterested in life in general (Depression II). Depression is a serious mental illness that does the aforementioned as well as much more. When a person is depressed, it can interfere with daily and normal functioning as well as can cause pain for the person with it and those around them, and this is what doctors call ‘Clinical D epression’. Depression is more than just a simple sadness;Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1468 Words   |  6 PagesManagement of Care Depression is one of the major causes of disabilities and it can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, race, or culture. People who suffer from depression are a higher risk for suicide, and that is magnified if there is any family history of suicide, or other history of disorders like anxiety or panic attacks. Other conditions that can be attributed to a poor prognosis for a person who is depressed is history of substance abuse, low self-esteem, someone who is chronically illRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Depression is a serious and prevalent problem in the 21st century and had been for a long time. It is the most common mood disorder and has a lifetime prevalence rate of 6-25% in international studies (Carr, 2012). Reliable diagnosis is vital for the study of mental disorders (Fried, Epskamp, Nesse, Tuerlinckx Borsboom, 2016) and with the rising issue that depression is, individuals with multiple chronic diseases can be tackling depression occurring at the same time thus, it may complicateRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression881 Words   |  4 Pages Depression is a word that people commonly use in everyday life. On any given day you will hear someone say I am feeling depressed, that was depressing, exc, but depression is not just a state of being but  a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way. Because of overuse of this word, people often mistake when someone should be medically diagnosed with depression for them just being sad. This is problematicRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1716 Words   |  7 PagesSevere depression can have a devastating effects on not only individuals, but also on their families and communities. Depressive disorders when severe or prolonged enough can cause some patients to seek to harm themselves, or worse; to seek to end their lives. While over the last century there have been significant strides in the treatment of depression, there still is much work to be done. May medication that treat depres sion take a long time for patient to reach therapeutic dosages, mean that patients

Analysis Of The Book One Bad Apple Spoils The Bunch

Austin Hartman Ms. Weichert Honors English 9 22 September 2014 One Bad Apple Spoils the Bunch As Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"the rotten apple spoils his companion.† While this statement is true of fruits, it is better applied to the people who live around us. Adolf Hitler was a great example of a â€Å"rotten apple† of humanity. As Hitler took power, he quickly spread his rotten seed of influence all around the country, sculpting Germany into his own ruthless image. William Shakespeare may have died long before Hitler ever existed, but he too knew the effects of a rotten apple. In his play, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare shows how one jealous man, Caius Cassius, changes the course of history by manipulating his friend Brutus into the murder of the Roman dictator [Caesar]. Brutus’s internal and external conflicts throughout the play prove that one â€Å"rotten† man can be a terrible influence on society. Shakespeare first demonstrates Cassius’s terrible influence on society through an external conflict betwee n Brutus and Cassius in Act I, Scene ii. During this scene, Cassius approaches his brother-in-law, Brutus, attempting to spark a rebellion. Cassius wants Brutus to aid him in overthrowing Rome’s current dictator, Julius Caesar. Brutus however, will not comply. This forces Cassius to switch tactics, and reveal his rotten â€Å"core† to the reader. In lines 148-149, he asks Brutus, â€Å"Brutus and Caesar: what should be in that Caesar? / Why should that name be sounded more than yours?†Show MoreRelatedRecruitment and Selection of Citi Private Bank9244 Words   |  37 PagesOverall, the discussed in Chapter 4, data gathered via questionnairesto primary sample.   †¢ Chapter 5 is analysis and discussion by compare with literature review and findings.    †¢ For the last chapter, it provides the summary of whole study and  recommendations  to Citi Private Bank Hong Kong. 1.4 Background of study 1.4.1 About Citi Private Bank Citi Private Bank is one of the major brand names in Citibank’s diverse portfolio. It is the largest private banking business in theRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesinnovation. â€Å"Businesses worldwide have been guided and in uenced by e Innovator’s Dilemma and e Innovator’s Solution. Now e Innovator’s DNA shows where it all starts. is book gives you the fundamental building blocks for becoming more innovative and changing the world. One of the most important books to come out this year, and one that will remain pivotal reading for years to come.† Chairman and CEO, salesforce.com; author, Behind the Cloud â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA is the ‘how to’ manual to innovationRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagespublishers first delayed in responding and then finally admitted they had lost the copy. So only a photocopy of the original typed version exists. During the 1990s, the manuscript was partly typed without alteration into a Word processor, originally an Apple-based system. This was transferred to an IBM system quite recently, but without any conversion of the character codes. It seems that two different systems of coding diacritics were used and more than two IPA phonetic fonts. Furthermore, for some reasonRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesComposition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. ThisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespermission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. LibraryRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pageswords in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network – a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and writing. Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequentRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 PagesBergman Our Future in the Cosmos-Computers 33 . . . . . . . . . 59 Isaac Asimov Our Future in the Cosmos-Space . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Isaac Asimov V The Legacy of Science James Burke James Burke For more than a decade, James Burke has been one of the British Broadcasting Corporation’s outstanding television writers, hosts, and producers. Born in Northern Ireland and educated at Oxford University, Burke spent 5 years in Italy teaching at the Universities of Bologna and Urbino and directingRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 PagesCosmos-Computers 33 . . . . . . . . . 59 Isaac Asimov Our Future in the Cosmos-Space . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Isaac Asimov V The Legacy of Science James Burke James Burke For more than a decade, James Burke has been one of the British Broadcasting Corporation’s outstanding television writers, hosts, and producers. Born in Northern Ireland and educated at Oxford University, Burke spent 5 years in Italy teaching at the Universities of Bologna and Urbino and directingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesEDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication

The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley Free Essays

string(30) " brought her to Christianity\." In the 18th century, the British colonies that would eventually become the United States of America contained a wide variety of types of people. America really was a â€Å"New World.† It had not really completely invented itself yet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, there were a wide variety of types of people living in the British American colonies. Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley are two examples of Colonialists in America with markedly different backgrounds, lives, and gender and those differences are reflected in what they wrote. Phyllis Wheatley was kidnapped as a child from Africa and sold to a family in Massachusetts. This family recognized her abilities and educated her. Phyllis Wheatley wrote poetry that reflected her refined upbringing in Massachusetts. Benjamin Franklin, on the other hand, essentially ran away from home at the age of 15 and made his own way. He came from a more working-class family. One thing that these very different two people have in common, however, is that they rose from humble beginnings to accomplish things that are still highly regarded today. Wheatley’s poetry demonstrates that she must have received a classical education. The language she uses is elaborate and full of symbolism. They reflect high degrees of optimism and idealism. One example of such a poem by Wheatley is â€Å"On Imagination.† In the poem, Wheatley uses metaphor to think of imagination as an â€Å"imperial queen.† In language that would be considered artificial and stilted today, she writes, â€Å"Thy wond’drous acts in beauteous order stand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The flowery and exalted language compare sharply with Benjamin Franklin’s style of writing, which was much more practical and down-to-earth. Much of Franklin’s writing was completely practical in nature. In â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac† he provided information people needed at the time in their everyday lives. He wrote pithy columns for daily or weekly publications about issues that affected people right then. Franklin was a practical man, and although he displayed tremendous imagination, he put it to practical use. While Wheatley was writing about â€Å"Th’ empyreal palace of the thund’ring God.† Franklin debated the merits of being married vs. taking an older woman as a mistress. These differences are to be expected. In the 18th century, genteel women – and Wheatley was raised as a genteel woman even though she started her life in America as a slave – did not concern themselves with the practical realities of life. The differences in their writing highlight the fact that although they both grew above their position at birth, Franklin was able to elevate himself more than Wheatley could. Part of this difference undoubtedly lies in their racial differences, and part of it their gender differences. Franklin was an active inventor, a highly imaginative use of creativity. He invented bifocals, a development that resulted in dramatic changes in the manufacture of eyeglasses. He invented the Franklin Stove. Homes were often heated by fireplaces during that time, and only one side of a fireplace released heat into the room. The Franklin Stove stands in the room and is not built into the wall. The result is that heat is released from all sides, providing more heat for the home. While Franklin’s work was largely practical, sometimes he applied imagination to life simply out of curiosity. He devised his experiment with a kite and a key because he was curious about lightning, not because he was looking for some way to harness lightning and use It in some practical way. But even then his approach was simple and concrete. He wrote no flowery poem extolling the wonders of lightning after he finished his experiment. It seems likely that if a woman had taken a kite, tied a key to the string and flown the kite in a thunderstorm, people might have thought she had gone mad. The differences between Franklin’s and Wheatley’s writing may reflect a difference in formal education. Wheatley must have had a formal, classical education to write in the style she did. Her poetry includes references to Greek mythology. We know that Franklin had little formal education. During the 18th century this did not have to interfere with advancement and a high level of education was not required for most jobs. As a printer, it seems likely that skill with his hands would be at least as important as the ability to read and write, skills Franklin clearly developed. But since he was apprenticed to his brother at age 12 and fled to Philadelphia when he was 15 it seems very unlikely that he had an opportunity to study Greek myths. Franklin advanced himself by developing skills that had real market value. He became a very good printer and actually created a franchise for his skills. His writings were widely read. He had a trade, he was very good at it, and because of that he could support himself and his wife well. His wife helped. She ran the store they owned. But she did not start businesses on her own, and while she was certainly entitled to share in her husband’s wealth, she would have had a very hard time accomplishing what he accomplished on her own. For instance, Franklin began his first real successful printing enterprise by getting a loan. It seems unlikely that such a loan would have been given to his wife. Wheatley, of course, had the added obstacle of being Black. Interestingly, it appears that being Black was not much of an obstacle for Wheatley, given the times in which she lived. She still received an outstanding education. Instead, the differences between Franklin and Wheatley may be more one of class. Wheatley’s poetry suggests an upper class education, whereas Franklin’s life and writing suggests a much closer connection to the common man. It also appears that Wheatley was very religious. This is revealed in another of her poems, where she expresses thanks for being brought to America as a slave, because it brought her to Christianity. You read "The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley" in category "Papers" However, her religious beliefs go well beyond the simple concept of salvation. In â€Å"On Imagination,† she views imagination as God’s residence, and writes, â€Å"From star to star the mental optics rove, measure the skies, There in one view we grasp the mighty whole, or with new worlds amaze th’ unbounded soul.† She sees God in everything she views, and grasps the enormity of creation. By comparison, Franklin talks about religion in practical terms. In his letter â€Å"Advice on the Choice of a Mistress,† he says that taking an older woman for a mistress is less of a sin than â€Å"debauching a Virgin.† While he mentions sin, most of his letter witty and clever but completely ignores the issue of whether taking a mistress is against God’s law or not. His argument is moral: don’t ruin a young girls’ life just because you don’t want to marry – it’s not necessary. Franklin wrote directly, and without metaphor, especially the extended ones Wheatley was fond of. He used short sentences that got right to the point, such as â€Å"A stitch in time saves nine.† Wheatley, however, wrote more elaborate expressions. When she admired the paintings of a young African-American, she wrote a 34-line using iambic pentameter – the same meter often chosen by Shakespeare. However, although we know from reading her poem that she admired the paintings, we don’t get any clear image of what the painting might have looked like. She spends a good part of the poem in good wishes for the poet: â€Å"Still may the paint’s and the poet’s fire to aid thy pencil, and thy verse conspire~ And may the charms of each seraphic theme Conduct they footsteps to immortal fame!† By comparison, Franklin gives very specific and practical advice to his friend who does not wish to marry, including 8 reasons he should take an older mistress if he does not marry, including the final one: â€Å"and lastly. They are so grateful!!!† Such earthy humor is not present in the poems of Wheatley’s examined here. He also gives humorous advice such as to cover the upper torso of an older lover with a basket, because the head and upper body suffer the ravages of age first. Even when giving intensely personal advice, Franklin is practical as well as entertaining. Franklin seems to enjoy bawdy humor based on this example. However, it should be noted that Franklin may not have intended this letter to be published and may have written in a less graphic style for public consumption. Benjamin Franklin lived a remarkable life. He was apprenticed to his older brother and worked hard for him, only to make his brother jealous of Benjamin’s abilities. Benjamin managed to keep his brother’s paper operational while the brother was in jail for expressing his beliefs, and wrote a column for it anonymously, slipping his work under the door at night. When he finally revealed to his brother that he was â€Å"Silence Dogood,† his brother only scolded him. Defying the norms of the day, he ran away at age 15. He arrived penniless in Philadelphia but not only created his own fortune, but won the hand of the young woman who first saw him when he arrived in Philadelphia looking quite disreputable. He then parlayed one success into the next, ended up a leader in the emerging new country, and served as the new country’s ambassador to France. Franklin seems to have succeeded at everything he attempted to do. With almost no education, he became a famous writer, a founding father of what became a great nation, and an ambassador. He had no advantage of class; upper class youth were educated and not apprenticed to a trade. He seems to have had a talent for recognizing opportunity when it was presented to him, because running away was illegal. Such an action could have begun a serious downward spiral. Instead it was the start of the first of many opportunities Franklin created for himself. Along the way he developed concern for the common good. He organized Philadelphia’s first hospital and first fire department. Wheatley’s circumstances were quite different. Kidnapped and brought to the U. S. as a slave, she was fortunate to be purchased by a family that educated her. However, she could not have had the opportunities to create her own fortune as Franklin did, both because she was female and because she was Black. One has to wonder how Phyllis Wheatley fit into Massachusetts society as an adult. It would have been difficult for her to find an African-American husband who had her level of education. It just have been quite a shock to many to discover that the beautiful, elaborate poetry had been written by a former slave. It would have been very difficult for her to get a college education. Perhaps she could have been a teacher, maybe for African-American children, but genteel women of the time were not brought up to have some kind of career or trade. That was the province of young men such as Benjamin Franklin. Still, both Franklin and Wheatley seem to have made the best they could of their circumstances. Franklin had an uncanny knack for business and understood the printing trade very well. It probably helped him that he entered this field just as being able to communicate with people via the printed word was going to become very important. The printed word played an important role in rallying colonists around the cause of separating from Great Britain. In spite of what must have been very restrictive circumstances, Wheatley found the perfect outlet for her education, language abilities and intellectual skills in her ornate poetry. In this way, both Franklin epitomized the United States during the 18th century, because for people with talent and determination, America truly was a land of opportunity. How to cite The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley, Papers

Business Law Management

Question: Evaluate the purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and, with particular reference to the services provided by Acas, assess to what extent it is a successful means of resolving disputes outside the formal judicial process. Explain why European Union law takes precedence over domestic law in the United Kingdom. Answer: Introduction In this report, the relevance of ADR in the dispute resolution and the evaluation of ADR in the dispute resolution outside formal judicial process is discussed. Also, the precedence of European Union law over domestic law in the United Kingdom is under the highlight of this report. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) alludes to a mixture of methods that help parties to resolve disputes without a trial. ADR courses of action mediation, arbitration, neutral evaluation, and collaborative law. These methods are by and large private, less formal, and less upsetting than traditional court procedures. Regarding the historical backdrop of British constitutional law in the last century, it could be reasoned that the Dicey hypothesis was the most compelling hypothesis amongst the other theories. According to Dicey, "Parliament has under the English constitution, the privilege to make or unmake any law whatever; also. No individual or body is perceived by the law as having a right to override or put aside the enactment of Parliament." Notwithstanding the idea, which clarified the sway of parliament, have formed the mainstay of British constitution, there are various advanced scholarly contentions against the teaching. As of late, strikingly, the hypothesis has been talked about in the light of the European Union Law, the European Convention on Human Rights and Devolution (Mann, R., Roberts, B, 2012). Any system for resolving disputes apart from litigation is referred to as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Public courts may be solicited to survey the legitimacy from ADR systems, however they will seldom upset ADR choices and recompenses if the parties who are under the dispute shaped a substantial contract to maintain them. Arbitration and mediation are the two noteworthy types of ADR.Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") alludes to any method for settling disputes outside of the court. ADR commonly incorporates early unbiased assessment, arrangement, negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration (Dunfee, T. W., Nagayasu, Y, 2013). As expanding court lines, increasing expenses of case, and time deferrals keep on plagueing disputants, more states have started trying different things with ADR programs. Some of these projects are willful; others are obligatory. While the two most basic manifestations of ADR are arbitration and mediation, negotiation is quite often endeavored first to resolve a dispute. It is the transcendent method of dispute resolution. Negotiation permits the parties to meet keeping in mind the end goal to settle a dispute. The fundamental preference of this manifestation of question settlement is that it permits the gatherings themselves to control the methodology and the solution. Mediation is likewise a casual different option for litigation. Mediators are people prepared in negotiations , who unite restricting parties and endeavor to work out a settlement that both sides accept or reject (Folsom, R. H., Gordon, M. W., Spanogle Jr, J. A., Van Alstine, M. P, 2013). Mediation is utilized for a wide range of case-sorts extending from adolescent crimes to government transactions. Mediation has likewise turned into a critical strategy for dispute settlement in the middle of investors and their stock brokers. Arbitration is a rearranged form of a trial including constrained revelation and improved rule of proof. The arbitration is going and chose by an arbitral board. To contain a board, either both sides concede to one authority, or every side chooses one judge and the two referees choose the third. Arbitration hearings generally last between a couple of days to a week, and the board meets for a couple of hours every day (Kopel, 2012). The board then ponders and issues a composed choice, or arbitral honor. Opinions are not open record. Arbitration has long been utilized as a part of work, development, and securities regulation, however is presently picking up fame in different business debate. Title 9 of the U.S. Code creates government law supporting Arbitration. There are, then again, various state laws on ADR. Forty-nine states have received the 1956 variant of the Uniform Arbitration Act as state law. The demonstration was amended in 2000 and consequently received by twelve states. T he arbitration assention and honor is currently enforceable under both state and government law (Goldman, A., Sigismond, 2013). Judicial arbitration, at times called court-annexed arbitration, is a non-tying type of arbitration, which implies that any party disappointed with the authority's choice may decide to go to trial as opposed to acknowledge the choice. Nonetheless, most locales recommend a particular time period inside which the party to a judicial arbitration may choose to reject the arbitration choice and go to trial. On the off chance that this time period terminates before either party has rejected the arbitration choice, the choice gets to be last, tying, and generally as enforceable as a private referee's choice. Some jurisdictions have authorized statutes that administer mediation , most mediation procedures are deliberate for both sides. In like manner, a mediator's impact is restricted by the self-sufficiency of the party and their eagerness to arrange in accordance with some basic honesty. Hence, a go between can go no more distant than the parties themselves are willing to go. Since agreements came to by mediation bear the parties' own engraving, in any case, numerous observers feel that they are more prone to be stuck to than choices forced by a judge or court (Mann, R., Roberts, B, 2013). Disputants who take an interest in mediation without representation of legitimate advice are additionally more inclined to stick to settlements when the option is to seek after common prosecution, where lawyers charges devour a critical segment of any financial recompense allowed to the parties (ii) Explain why European Union law takes precedence over domestic law in the United Kingdom European Union law is connected by the courts of part states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of part states accommodate lesser rights European Union law can be implemented by the courts of part states (Miller, 2012). If there should be an occurrence of European Union law which ought to have been transposed into the laws of part states, for example, Directives, the European Commission can take procedures against the part state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice (some piece of the Court of Justice of the European Union is the most noteworthy court ready to translate European Union law. As indicated by the European Community law, where there is clash between European law and the law of Member States, European law profoundly wins. New legitimate systems are requested by the new lawful request to ensure the new legitimate advantage it made. The regulation of effectiveness of Community law had no formal premise in the European Community Treaty, yet was created by the ECJ on the premise of its origination of the 'new lawful request'. Even however the primary accentuation of the judgment connections to the wording of direct pertinence and direct impact, it is likewise noteworthy in light of the fact that, by alluding to the 'new lawful request', the ECJ stated that the Community was not simply a "typical" International law association (Bagley, C. E., Dauchy, C. E, 2011). In detail, the Community had a more autonomous status and in addition more prominent effect on the national legitimate frameworks of the Member States. There are two critical perceptions in regards to the relationship between Community law and national law being made by the ECJ. 'The Member States have certainly exchanged sovereign rights to a Community made by them. This procedure can't be switched by method for consequent one-sided measures which are inconsistent to the idea of the Community. At the end of the day, the self-governance of the Member States to go about as they wish has been restricted by righteousness of their participation of the Community. Besides, as understanding to the standard of the Treaty, no Member States may raise doubt about the status of Community law as a framework to be connected consistently and by and large all through the Community.' Hence, EU law is totally supreme even over the domestic law in UK. The contention was not about Treaty provision nor domestic statute (Slorach, J. S., Ellis, J. G, 2014). Conclusion To sum up, It is understood that ADR is an effective dispute resolution method . ADR reduce cash and rates settlement. In ADR methodologies, for example, mediaition, parties assume a critical part in determining their own particular disputes. This regularly brings about innovative arrangements, longer-enduring results,more satisfaction and more prominent relationships, and enhanced relationships. European Union law is a collection of settlements and enactment, for example, Regulations and Directives, which have direct impact or aberrant impact on the laws of European Union part states. The three wellsprings of European Union law are essential law, optional law and supplementary law. The fundamental wellsprings of essential law are the Treaties securing the European Union. Optional sources incorporate regulations and mandates which are in light of the Treaties (Schaffer, R., Agusti, F., Dhooge, L, 2014). The council of the European Union is chiefly made out of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may create auxiliary law to seek after the target set out in the Treaties. References Schaffer, R., Agusti, F., Dhooge, L. (2014).International business law and its environment. Cengage Learning. Bagley, C. E., Dauchy, C. E. (2011).The entrepreneur's guide to business law. Cengage Learning. Miller, R. (2012).Business Law Today, Standard: Text Summarized Cases. Cengage learning. Mann, R., Roberts, B. (2013).Business law and the regulation of business. Cengage Learning. Twomey, D., Jennings, M. (2013).Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume. Cengage Learning. Goldman, A., Sigismond, W. D. (2013).Cengage Advantage Books: Business Law: Principles and Practices. Cengage Learning. Folsom, R. H., Gordon, M. W., Spanogle Jr, J. A., Van Alstine, M. P. (2013).Principles of international business transactions. West Academic. Douglas, S. (2012). Student engagement, problem based learning and teaching law to business students.e-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,6(1), 33-43. Mann, R., Roberts, B. (2012).Essentials of business law and the legal environment. Cengage Learning. Pentony, B., Graw, S., Parker, D., Whitford, K. (2013).Understanding business law. LexisNexis Butterworths. Dunfee, T. W., Nagayasu, Y. (Eds.). (2013).Business ethics: Japan and the global economy(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Slorach, J. S., Ellis, J. G. (2014).Business Law 2014-2015. Oxford University Press. Kopel, S. (2012).Guide to business law. Oxford University Press Southern Africa. Business Law Management Questions: 1. In negotiating a business deal, is strategic misrepresentation permissible? Do you have to disclose everything? Justify your answer.? 2.How does a corporations investment in a political or social agenda affect its duty to its shareholders? Give reasons.? 3.Do businesses have an ethical duty to use enhanced security measures to protect confidential customer information? Why or why not? Give reasons.? 4.Does a company have a duty to act in socially or politically beneficial ways? Why or why not? Justify your answer.? 5.Why would a corporation prefer to be seen as ethical? Give reasons.? Answers: 1. Strategic misrepresentation is presumable in the context of negotiating a business deal, the party engaging in any form of transaction must disclose any information that is of use and is important to the business, and the exercise of budgeting and planning is faced by hindrances such as underestimation of costs and the benefits that are available in the projects. The fact that doing business in a global perspective can involve some serious problems facilitates the need for incorporating this strategy. Google, Inc violated the rule of adherence to the standards of media context and internet use by streaming pornography. They deemed to manufacture a version of Google designed to handle the Chinese governments activity of censorship. Chinese government has been a victim of misrepresentation and therefore it has imposed a fine and imprisonment penalty for the violators who permit harmful information. There are websites that offer criticisms and other sensitive content that can lead to violence and fighting among the tribes. 2. A corporation investment in political perspective or social agenda affects its duty to its shareholders in the aspect that the code of conduct restricts the conflict of interest between the corporation and the investors. Google Inc has been in the process of seeking profits in a lucrative marketplace at the main agenda of assisting the rivals who are the communist party to assist the free speech that they undertake. Shareholders are entitled to all the information pertaining to the profitability of the company and this is in the sense of the shares and revenue Joel said there was an unethical act of decapitating the voice of dissidents in China and this was depicted in the Democratic Congress Tom Lantos the survivor of Holocaust (Festus, 2011, p.111). 3. Harvey argued that Businesses have a duty of care to protect the customer confidential information hence this pertains to ethical responsibility (Teresa, 2013, p.234). In the case of Google the actions are depicted as defensive where it points out that Chinese government should let customers to know the sites are being vested with unusual content such as pornography. Customers are the reason behind the success of the company and neglecting the responsibility by the Engines leads to withdrawal and termination of business relationship. 4. A company has a duty to engage in the actions of benefit to the users by permitting accessibility to the products and services that will promote moral uprightness in the society. Samuel said that Google in the aspect of providing the internet access, in the sense that is censored (Richard, 2012, p.344). It acts as a step towards the accessibility of future and technology is itself a certain force which acts in a revolutionary way. 5. A corporation would prefer to be described and be seen as ethical because this contributes to likelihood of increasing the profits and revenue made from the popularity. Companies in USA prohibits the streaming of material that contain sexual and immoral content that can lead to moral decadence such as child pornography over the technology media in this aspect the internet. Works Cited Thomas, K. (2009). Companies in USA prohibits the streaming of material that contain sexual and immoral content, Austria press, Sydney. Samuel, M. (2012). Google in the aspect of providing the internet access, in the sense that is censored. Sydney press, Australia. Harvey, T. (2013). Businesses have a duty of care to protect the customer confidential information hence this pertains to ethical responsibility, Herman press. England. Joel, P. (2011). Unethical act of decapitating the voice of dissidents in China and this was depicted in the Democratic Congress Tom Lantos, Times press, London.

Manipulation and Deception in Language

Flight Feathers - The Flight Feathers of Birds

Flight Feathers - The Flight Feathers of Birds Feathers are a unique characteristic of birds and are a key requirement for flight. Feathers are arranged in a precise pattern over the wing. When the bird takes to the air, its wing feathers spread to create an aerodynamic surface. When the bird lands, feathers are flexible enough in their arrangement to enable the wing to fold neatly against the birds body without bending or damaging the flight feathers. Flight Feathers The following feathers make up the typical birds wing: Primaries: Elongated flight feathers that grow out from the end of the wings (the hand area of the wing). Birds typically have 9-10 primaries.Secondaries: Long flight feathers positioned just behind the primaries and grow out from the forearm area of the wing. Many birds have six secondary feathers.Tertials: Three flight feathers that are closest to the birds body along the wing, located next to the secondaries.Remiges: A term used to refer to primaries, secondaries, and tertials together.Greater primary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the primaries.Greater secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the secondaries.Median secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the greater secondary coverts.Lesser secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the median secondary coverts.Alula: The feathers that grow from the thumb area of the wing on the leading edge of the wing.Primary projection: The section of the primaries that, when the wing is folded, p roject beyond the tips of the tertials and sit at an angle towards the tail. Underwing coverts: Located on the underside of the wing, underwing coverts create a lining at the base of the flight feathers.Auxiliaries: Also located on the underside of the wing, the auxiliaries cover the armpit area of the birds wing, smoothing the area where the wing meets the body. Reference Sibley, D.A. 2002. Sibleys Birding Basics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf

Latin Christian and Russian Orthodox Traditions Term Paper

Latin Christian and Russian Orthodox Traditions - Term Paper Example Rivalry between the Roman popes and the patriarchs of Constantinople for leadership in the Christian world initiated the split of the Christian Church.  Ã‚  The Latin Christian church was formed finally in 1054. Historically, Orthodoxy presents the eastern branch of Christianity.  It is distributed mainly in Eastern Europe, Middle East and the Balkans.  First, the name "Orthodox" (from Greek) appeared in II century.  Ã‚  The Orthodox Christianity did not have a single church center. Ecclesiastical power was concentrated in the hands of four patriarchs.  With the collapse of the Byzantine Empire, each of the patriarchs headed an independent (autocephalous) Orthodox Church. Prince of Kiev, Vladimir Svyatoslavovych, established Orthodoxy as a state religion in Russia.  On his orders, Byzantine clergy baptized people in the capital of Ancient Russia, Kiev, in 988. Both Christian communities accept the basic Christian doctrine and sacramental. Religious life includes magnifice nt church services, the worship of many saints and holy relics.  The confession of the Trinity: Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and the worship of Christ, the Savior, who suffered, died, resurrected from the dead and ascended into heaven is the gospel truth for any believer of the Christian communities. It is the same regarding the acceptance of the doctrines, such as: Mary is the Mother of God  as Christ is God incarnate; the Bible is the inspired word of God; the Holy Spirit dwells in the Church and guides it through the ages; Mary, being Mother of God, is the greatest of the saints. Both Churches profess seven sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation/ Chrismation, Eucharist, Holy Orders, Matrimony, Anointing of the Sick. Nevertheless, along with similarities, there are some differences in the main creeds, cults, and organization of the Latin and the Orthodox Christian Churches. The most significant differences are that the Latin Christians  accept the Bishop of Rome as the spiritual leader of the Church, while the  Orthodox  look to the Patriarch of Constantinople, but only as "First Among Equals" rather than as a pope. The Latin Church  holds that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both Father and Son whilst  Orthodoxy teaches that the Spirit proceeds only from the Father.  Latin Christians  state that Mary was full of grace (sinless) from conception whilst  Orthodox Church  would tend to say that she entered this state only after accepting God's wish that she become Theotokos (Mother of God). Latin Christianity  tends to be prescriptive whilst  Orthodoxy  is mystical, however, both believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Married men may be ordained as  Orthodox priests (but not bishops) whilst in  Latin Christianity  only single men may be ordained. The style of worship in Orthodoxy is more elaborate. Regardless of the existing theological and non-theological differences, both Christian confessions consider sacramental rituals, the cult of saints, icons and relics a priority. Moreover, the concept of  saints  is common to all branches of Christianity. The Apostle's Creed affirmed by all Christian denominations, states belief in the "communion of saints." In Christian doctrine, the term "saints" refers to all deceased persons who are now in heaven. Saints are special group of holy people, who are

Organizational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Performance - Essay Example One of the many personality traits that gauge the suitability of job applicants is the integrity test, which is given to thousands of prospective job seekers with more than 40% of companies in Fortune 100 list indicating to have applied personality tests in gauging the suitability of workers including the CEOs. Moreover, Judge & Lepine noted a close correlation between the big five traits, which are referred to as bright traits considering that each trait resulted in some positive implications and that there was direct evidence linking the traits to social desirability.3 For instance, Judge & Lepine explained that individuals with stable emotions tend to be happier and are usually good job performers than those with unstable emotions.4 Moreover, extroverts tend to have better relationship qualities and higher subjective-wellbeing characteristics. Extroverts are in some cases better communicators, an aspect that is desirable in the workplace where teamwork and collaboration are vital for improved performance. Therefore, considerations for such personality traits draw managers to develop some bias towards individuals with the required traits commensurate with the job at hand. However, Neal et al. reported negative relations between extroverts and personal proficiency in the workplace.5 However, Neal et al. observed that openness had a positive relation to the proactivity of an individual as well as to organizational proactivity. Moreover, the study indicated that the conscience of the individual employee had a strong relation to the individual performance of a task. In other words, the research revealed that people whose conscious state is tuned towards achieving a certain task may perform better than those who are not, while the openness of the individual had bearings on the proactivity of such an individual.

OI wk 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OI wk 5 - Essay Example The company also targets schools and universities as a market for their products. Despite being a leader in soft drinks industry, the PepsiCo Company has been faced by stiff competition from other firms such as the Coca Cola Company. This has made it necessary for PepsiCo to adopt innovative strategies to ensure that their products continue to reach the desired market. This stems from the realization that it is important for the company to come up with innovative ways to reach the target market in a highly competitive market. The success of PepsiCo can be attributed to their ability to target new markets. PepsiCo has been known for its niche marketing. Market niche innovation refers to the ability of the company to open up new markets using the existing technology (Von Stamm, 2003). In earlier years the company targeted the black community as a market for their products. The company also targeted different communities and came up with strategies to reach this target markets. As a result of their innovative marketing, PepsiCo was able to raise sales in the targeted communities. At present the company continues to come up with more innovative ways to reach the desired market. These include a redesigning of the Pepsi cans to have a design that included more than 30 different backgrounds for each can. This is an example of the innovation that is carried out by PepsiCo to help in achieving growth and success. The PepsiCo Company is driven by the market share in reaching it niche market. This has made it easier for the Company to identify the proper channels of distributions for their products. To enable the Company to attain a larger market share, the company has developed distribution channels that allow it to reach its entire target market. The company has also expanded the distribution channels through globalization. In addition, the PepsiCo Company has reached to a wider market through the use of proper and targeted promotions. The company has also been able to

The Federal Government And The Three Strikes Law Criminology Essay

The Federal Government And The Three Strikes Law Criminology Essay Between 1993 and 1995, 26 states and the federal government passed the Three Strikes Law. Under this law, a person who is convicted of three felonies is given a mandatory 25-to-life sentence. A felony is defined as any crime punishable by 1 year or more in prison (Messerli, 2006). This law was passed in reaction to the murder of 12 year old, Polly Klass. She was kidnapped and murdered by a paroled repeat offender. Unlike the federal laws, the three-strikes laws vary by quite a bit from state to state. However, under all federal and state three-strikes law if someone is convicted of a crime three times, there is no judiciary discretion in sentencing these repeat offenders (Unknown). This means that in all cases the offender must go to jail for 25 years to life if convicted of three felonies, no matter the seriousness crime. Under the statute, a serious violent felony includes murder, manslaughter, sex offenses, kidnapping, robbery, and any offense punishable by 10 years or more which includes as an element the use of force or that, by its nature, involves a significant risk of force. The statute also enumerates certain non-qualifying felonies, including unarmed robbery offenses and arsons that posed no threat to human life (Unknown). The purpose of the three-strikes law is to put criminals out of society to keep them from committing future crimes (Roy, 2010). Pros and Cons While researching this topic I have found multiple pros and cons of the three strikes law. Some of the pros that were mentioned include: repeat offenders will stay in prison; can deter offenders who have had two felony convictions from committing another crime; and it only applies to convictions. The first pro of the Three Strikes law is that repeat offenders will stay in prison for at least 25 years after their third conviction. If criminals choose to continue to break the law then will have to pay for their crimes. These criminals will not have a fourth chance to break the law. The Three Strikes law is a way to ensure justice and to stop criminals from committing more crimes. According to Adam Gelb, director of the Pew Centers Public Safety Performance Project (2008), There is no question that putting violent and chronic offenders behind bars lowers the crime rate and provides punishment that is well deserved. The second pro of the Three Strikes law is that it might deter offenders who have been convicted two felonies from committing a third crime. This law is known by all, especially by criminals. Criminals will know the punishment before they decide to commit crimes. The hope is that this will discourage criminals from committing any crimes major and minor, from armed robbery and rape to burglary. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics 43 percent of felony probationer and 62 percent of the parolees will be rearrested within three years after beginning supervision (Unknown, 2010). The third pro of the Three Strikes law is that it applies only to convictions. This law does not apply to arrests of a person is found not guilty. However, three convictions will send criminals to prison for 25 years to life. Chances are that these criminals have committed more than three crimes, but for whatever reason they were never convicted. There are also multiple arguments against the Three Strikes law. Some of the cons that were mentioned include: a one-size-fits all form of justice; it can be considered unjust depending on the particular crime; and it arguably violates the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution (Kitchen, 2009). The first con of the Three Strikes law is that some see this as a one size fits all form of justice (Kitchen, 2009). Some believe that this law destroys the flexibility of the courts and the judge. It is no longer up to the judge to decide if the offender can be rehabilitated. Under the Three Strikes law, the offender will automatically go to prison after the third conviction. Criminal rehabilitation has many positive benefits and can impact the lives of many inmates as well as their families (Wright, 2007). The second con of the Three Strikes law is that it can be considered unjust depending on the particular crime. In some cases the third conviction may not be a violent crime but if they are convicted of a third felony they would receive the same 25 years to life sentence as if the crime were a violent act. Some believe that this punishment does not fit the crime. If a newly convicted criminal has a record of two prior felony (serious crime) convictions, the judge had to impose the maximum sentence for the third crime (Driscoll, 2003). The third con of the Three Strikes law is that it arguably violates the Eighth Amendment. The Eight Amendment prohibits the use of Cruel and unjust punishment by the state. Many argue that certain clients prosecutions violate this amendment. According to N.C. Aizenman at the Washington Post (2008), when it comes to preventing repeat offenses by nonviolent criminals- who make up about half of the incarcerated population- alternative punishments such as community supervision and mandatory drug counseling that are far less expensive may prove just as or more effective than jail time. The fourth and final con of the Three Strikes Law is the expense. Prisons are already overcrowded and some argue that there is not enough room to house additional inmates. Prison is expensive. There are also trial and court fees that many times must be covered by the state and its taxpayers. It cost as average of $23,876 to imprison someone in 2005 (Aizenman, 2008). This includes costs for food, shelter, prison staff and many other items. Student Position In my opinion, this is a great program and the pros far outweigh the cons. People should refrain from breaking the law if they do not want to spend the next 25 years of their life if prison. There are many arguments that the Three Strikes law does not have any effect on the crime rate. However, most crimes are committed by previous felons. Without this law I believe that these criminals will continue to break the law until they are stopped. This law may be the only thing that will stop them. How many people need to get hurt before we have the right to put these criminals in prison where they belong? Conclusion According to Mike Reynolds (2006) Californias total crime rate in 1993, the year prior to adoption of Three Strikes, was fourth highest among all states. By 1999, Californias total crime rate dropped to 29th among the states. During the same period, Californias homicide rate dropped from fourth highest to 19th among the states. These statistics clearly suggest that Californias falling crime rate was not just part of a national trend, or a result of demographics or economic factors as opponents have suggested. 041106CACrimeRate

Baddeley and Hitch’s Working Memory Model Essay -- Neurology Memory

This essay addresses the working memory model which was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974 in Smith & Kosslyn, 2007) as a response to Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 in Smith, 2007) multi-store model. According to Baddely and Hitch the multi-store model failed to explain most of the complexities of the human memory and viewed it as being too simplistic. They argued that the short term memory store must have more components rather it being a single inflexible store as suggested previously by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). The working memory model is therefore an enhancement of the multi store model. According to Baddeley and Hitch working memory is a limited- capacity system that stores and processes information. According to Baddeley and Hitch (1974) what constitutes as working memory can be divided into four distinct components which contribute to the processes of memory. They are the phonological loop, the visual spatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer and the central executive (in Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Vliek, 2009). The primary role of the phonological loop is to store mental representations of auditory information (in Passer, 2009). It has limited capacity and holds information in a speech based form. It is further subdivided into two more components; the articulatory rehearsal system which has a limited capacity of 2 seconds and rehearses information verbally and is linked to speech production and the phonological store which temporarily holds speech based information (in Smith, 2007) Evidence for the existence of the phonological loop comes from Baddeley (1966 in Passer, 2009) They examined the word length effect in which they presented participants with visual presentations of word lists and asked them to write t... ...however issues such as reliability, validity and bias occur when studying brain damaged patients therefore is not always a valid way of studying working memory (in Smith, 2007). In conclusion, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed the working memory in response to the multi store model and introduced four mechanisms involved; the phonological loop, visual-spaital sketchpad, episodic buffer and the central executive. The four components are also largely supported by a good wealth of evidence (in Smith, 2007). References Parkin, A. J., (1993). Memory Phenomena , experiment and theory. Blackwell. USA. Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York. Smith, E.E., and Kosslyn, S.M. (2007). Cognitive Psychology, Mind and Brain. Massachusetts, US:Pearson Baddeley and Hitch’s Working Memory Model Essay -- Neurology Memory This essay addresses the working memory model which was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974 in Smith & Kosslyn, 2007) as a response to Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 in Smith, 2007) multi-store model. According to Baddely and Hitch the multi-store model failed to explain most of the complexities of the human memory and viewed it as being too simplistic. They argued that the short term memory store must have more components rather it being a single inflexible store as suggested previously by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). The working memory model is therefore an enhancement of the multi store model. According to Baddeley and Hitch working memory is a limited- capacity system that stores and processes information. According to Baddeley and Hitch (1974) what constitutes as working memory can be divided into four distinct components which contribute to the processes of memory. They are the phonological loop, the visual spatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer and the central executive (in Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Vliek, 2009). The primary role of the phonological loop is to store mental representations of auditory information (in Passer, 2009). It has limited capacity and holds information in a speech based form. It is further subdivided into two more components; the articulatory rehearsal system which has a limited capacity of 2 seconds and rehearses information verbally and is linked to speech production and the phonological store which temporarily holds speech based information (in Smith, 2007) Evidence for the existence of the phonological loop comes from Baddeley (1966 in Passer, 2009) They examined the word length effect in which they presented participants with visual presentations of word lists and asked them to write t... ...however issues such as reliability, validity and bias occur when studying brain damaged patients therefore is not always a valid way of studying working memory (in Smith, 2007). In conclusion, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed the working memory in response to the multi store model and introduced four mechanisms involved; the phonological loop, visual-spaital sketchpad, episodic buffer and the central executive. The four components are also largely supported by a good wealth of evidence (in Smith, 2007). References Parkin, A. J., (1993). Memory Phenomena , experiment and theory. Blackwell. USA. Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York. Smith, E.E., and Kosslyn, S.M. (2007). Cognitive Psychology, Mind and Brain. Massachusetts, US:Pearson